IV: 01, 1-27, LNM 124 (1970)
CAIROLI, Renzo
Une inégalité pour martingales à indices multiples et ses applications (
Several parameter processes)
This paper was the starting point of the theory of two-parameter martingales. It proves the corresponding Doob inequality and convergence theorem, with an application to biharmonic functions
Comment: The next landmark in the theory is Cairoli-Walsh,
Acta. Math.,
134, 1975. For the modern results, see Imkeller,
Two Parameter Processes and their Quadratic Variation, Lect. Notes in M.
1308, 1989
Keywords: Two-parameter martingales,
Maximal inequality,
Almost sure convergenceNature: Original
Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 02, 28-36, LNM 124 (1970)
CARTIER, Pierre
Sur certaines variables aléatoires associées au réarrangement croissant d'un échantillon (
Miscellanea)
Presentation of combinatorial results due to D.~Foata and to Cartier-Foata, which are relevant for the theory of order statistics
Comment: See Cartier-Foata,
Problèmes combinatoires de commutation et réarrangements, LN
85, 1969
Keywords: Combinatorics,
Generating functions,
Order statisticsNature: Exposition Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 03, 37-46, LNM 124 (1970)
CHERSI, Franco
Martingales et intégrabilité de $X\log^+X$ d'après Gundy (
Martingale theory)
Gundy's result (
Studia Math.,
33, 1968) is a converse to Doob's inequality: for a positive martingale such that $X_n\leq cX_{n-1}$, the integrability of $\sup_n X_n$ implies boundedness in $L\log^+L$. All martingales satisfy this condition on regular filtrations
Comment: The integrability of $\sup_n |\,X_n\,|$ has become now the $H^1$ theory of martingales
Keywords: Inequalities,
Regular martingalesNature: Exposition,
Original additions Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 04, 47-59, LNM 124 (1970)
DACUNHA-CASTELLE, Didier
Principe de dualité pour des espaces de suites associés à une suite de variables aléatoires (
Miscellanea)
The ``duality principe'' (too technical to be stated here) is a result of L.~Schwartz on Banach spaces of type (L), i.e., consisting of sequences $(b_n)$ such that $\sum_n b_nX_n$ is bounded in probability, where $(X_n)$ is a given sequence of r.v.'s
Comment: Related to the theory of radonifying maps, then in fast progress. To be completed
Keywords: Banach spaces,
Radonifying mapsNature: Exposition Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 05, 60-70, LNM 124 (1970)
DELLACHERIE, Claude
Un exemple de la théorie générale des processus (
General theory of processes)
In the case of the smallest filtration for which a given random variable is a stopping time, all the computations of the general theory can be performed explicitly
Comment: This example has become classical. See for example Dellacherie-Meyer,
Probabilités et Potentiel, Chap IV. On the other hand, it can be extended to deal with (unmarked) point processes: see Chou-Meyer
906Keywords: Stopping times,
Accessible times,
Previsible timesNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 06, 71-72, LNM 124 (1970)
DELLACHERIE, Claude
Au sujet des sauts d'un processus de Hunt (
Markov processes)
Two a.s. results on jumps: the process cannot jump
from a semi-polar set; at the first hitting time of any finely closed set $F$, either the process does not jump, or it jumps from outside $F$
Comment: Both results are improvements of previous results of Meyer and Weil
Keywords: Hunt processes,
Semi-polar setsNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 07, 73-75, LNM 124 (1970)
DELLACHERIE, Claude
Potentiels de Green et fonctionnelles additives (
Markov processes,
Potential theory)
Under duality hypotheses, the problem is to associate an additive functional with a Green potential, which may assume the value $+\infty$ on a polar set: the corresponding a.f. may explode at time $0$
Comment: Such additive functionals appear very naturally in the theory of Dirichlet spaces
Keywords: Green potentials,
Additive functionalsNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 08, 76-76, LNM 124 (1970)
DELLACHERIE, Claude
Un lemme de théorie de la mesure (
Measure theory)
A lemma used by Erdös, Kesterman and Rogers (
Coll. Math., XI, 1963) is reduced to the fact that a sequence of bounded r.v.'s contains a weakly convergent subsequence
Keywords: Convergence in norm,
SubsequencesNature: Original proofs Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 09, 77-107, LNM 124 (1970)
DOLÉANS-DADE, Catherine;
MEYER, Paul-André
Intégrales stochastiques par rapport aux martingales locales (
Martingale theory,
Stochastic calculus)
This is a continuation of Meyer
106, with a new complete exposition of the theory, and two substantial improvements: the filtration is general (while in
106 it was assumed free of fixed times of discontinuity) and the definition of semimartingales is the modern one (while in
106 they were the special semimartingales of nowadays). The change of variables formula is given in its full generality
Comment: The results of this paper have become classical, and are reproduced almost literally in Meyer
1017Keywords: Local martingales,
Stochastic integrals,
Change of variable formulaNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 10, 108-131, LNM 124 (1970)
FUCHS, Aimé;
LETTA, Giorgio
L'inégalité de Kullback. Application à la théorie de l'estimation (
Information theory,
Mathematical statistics)
This paper brings together, and shows the mutual relation of a number of classical definitions, centering on Shannon's mutual information of two probability measures, $G(\lambda|\mu)=\int \log {d\lambda\over d\mu}\,d\mu$
Comment: To be asked from the authors
Keywords: Kullback inequality,
Cramer-Rao inequality,
Sufficient statisticsNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 11, 132-132, LNM 124 (1970)
SAM LAZARO, José de
Théorème de Stone et espérances conditionnelles (
Ergodic theory)
It is shown that the spectral projections of the unitary group arising from a group of measure preserving transformations must be complex operators, and in particular cannot be conditional expectations
Comment: This remark arose from the work on flows in Sam Lazaro-Meyer,
Z. für W-theorie, 18, 1971
Keywords: Flows,
Spectral representationNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 12, 133-150, LNM 124 (1970)
MEYER, Paul-André
Ensembles régénératifs, d'après Hoffmann-Jørgensen (
Markov processes)
The theory of recurrent events in discrete time was a highlight of the old probability theory. It was extended to continuous time by Kingman (see for instance
Z. für W-theorie, 2, 1964), under the very restrictive assumption that the ``event'' has a non-zero probability to occur at fixed times. The general theory is due to Krylov and Yushkevich (
Trans. Moscow Math. Soc.,
13, 1965), a deep paper difficult to read and to apply in concrete cases. Hoffmann-Jørgensen (
Math. Scand.,
24, 1969) developed the theory under simple and efficient axioms. It is shown that a regenerative set defined axiomatically is the same thing as the set of returns of a strong Markov process to a fixed state, or the range of a subordinator
Comment: This result was expanded to involve a Markovian regeneration property instead of independence. See Maisonneuve-Meyer
813. The subject is related to excursion theory, Lévy systems, semi-Markovian processes (Lévy), F-processes (Neveu), Markov renewal processes (Pyke), and the literature is very extensive. See for instance Dynkin (
Th. Prob. Appl.,
16, 1971) and Maisonneuve,
Systèmes Régénératifs, Astérisque 15, 1974
Keywords: Renewal theory,
Regenerative sets,
Recurrent eventsNature: Exposition Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 13, 151-161, LNM 124 (1970)
MAISONNEUVE, Bernard;
MORANDO, Philippe
Temps locaux pour les ensembles régénératifs (
Markov processes)
This paper uses the results of the preceding one
412 to define and study the local time of a perfect regenerative set with empty interior (e.g. the set of zeros of Brownian motion), a continuous adapted increasing process whose set of points of increase is exactly the given set
Comment: Same references as the preceding paper
412Keywords: Renewal theory,
Regenerative sets,
Local timesNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 14, 162-169, LNM 124 (1970)
MEYER, Paul-André
Quelques inégalités sur les martingales, d'après Dubins et Freedman (
Martingale theory)
The original paper appeared in
Ann. Math. Stat.,
36, 1965, and the inequalities are extensions to martingales of the Borel-Cantelli lemma and the strong law of large numbers. For martingales with bounded jumps, exponential bounds are given (Neveu,
Martingales à temps discret, gives a better one)
Comment: Though the proofs are very clever, so much work has been devoted to martingale inequalities since the paper was written that it is probably obsolete
Keywords: InequalitiesNature: Exposition Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 15, 170-194, LNM 124 (1970)
MOKOBODZKI, Gabriel
Densité relative de deux potentiels comparables (
Potential theory)
The main problem considered here is the following: given a transient resolvent $(V_{\lambda})$ on a measurable space, a finite potential $Vg$, an excessive function $u$ dominated by $Vg$ in the strong sense (i.e., $Vg-u$ is excessive), show that $u=Vf$ for some $f\leq g$, and compute $f$ by some ``derivation'' procedure, like $\lim_{\lambda\rightarrow\infty} \lambda(I-\lambda V_{\lambda})\,u$
Comment: The main theorem and the technical tools of its proof have been landmarks in the potential theory of a resolvent, though in the case of the resolvent of a good Markov process there is a simple probabilistic proof of the main result. Another exposition can be found in
Séminaire Bourbaki, 422, November 1972. See also Chapter XII of Dellacherie-Meyer,
Probabilités et potentiel, containing new proofs due to Feyel
Keywords: Resolvents,
Strong ordering,
Lebesgue derivation theoremNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 16, 195-207, LNM 124 (1970)
MOKOBODZKI, Gabriel
Quelques propriétés remarquables des opérateurs presque positifs (
Potential theory)
A sequel to the preceding paper
415. Almost positive operators are candidates to the role of derivation operators relative to a resolvent
Comment: Same as
415Keywords: Resolvents,
Strong ordering,
Lebesgue derivation theoremNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 17, 208-215, LNM 124 (1970)
REVUZ, Daniel
Application d'un théorème de Mokobodzki aux opérateurs potentiels dans le cas récurrent (
Potential theory,
Markov processes)
Mokododzki's theorem asserts that if the kernels of a resolvent are strong Feller, i.e., map bounded functions into continuous functions, then they must satisfy a norm continuity property (see
210). This is used to show the existence for``normal'' recurrent processes of a nice potential operator, defined for suitable functions of zero integral with respect to the invariant measure
Comment: For additional work of Revuz on recurrence, see
Ann. Inst. Fourier, 21, 1971
Keywords: Recurrent potential theoryNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 18, 216-239, LNM 124 (1970)
WEIL, Michel
Quasi-processus (
Markov processes)
Excessive measures which are not potentials of measures were shown by Hunt (
Ill. J. Math.,
4, 1960) to be associated with a probabilistic object which is a kind of projective limit of Markov processes. Hunt's construction was performed in discrete time only, and is difficult in continuous time because of measure theoretic difficulties (the standard theorem on projective limits cannot be applied). Here the construction is done in full detail
Comment: Further work by M.~Weil on the same subject in
532; see the references there
Keywords: Hunt quasi-processesNature: Original Retrieve article from Numdam
IV: 19, 240-282, LNM 124 (1970)
DELLACHERIE, Claude;
DOLÉANS-DADE, Catherine;
LETTA, Giorgio;
MEYER, Paul-André
Diffusions à coefficients continus, d'après Stroock et Varadhan (
Markov processes,
Diffusion theory)
This paper consists of four seminar talks on a celebrated paper of Stroock-Varadhan (
Comm. Pure Appl. Math.,
22, 1969), which constructs by a probability method a unique semigroup whose generator is an elliptic second order operator with continuous coefficients (the analytic approach either deals with operators in divergence form, or requires some Hölder condition). The contribution of G.~Letta nicely simplified the proof
Comment: The results were so definitive that apparently the subject attracted no further work. See Stroock-Varadhan,
Multidimensional Diffusion Processes, Springer 1979
Keywords: Elliptic differential operators,
Uniqueness in lawNature: Exposition Retrieve article from Numdam
